Journal: Antibody Therapeutics

Article Title: Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics

doi: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Programs in clinical and preclinical stages to block the angiogenesis and/or tumorigenesis for cancer treatment

Article Snippet: INV-531 , Invenra Inc , OX40 biparatopic , Preclinical , Enhance tumor immunity , Biparatopic , Fab + Fab with Fc,1 + 2 , NA.

Techniques: Blocking Assay

Journal: Antibody Therapeutics

Article Title: Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics

doi: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Programs in clinical and preclinical stages for other conditions

Article Snippet: INV-531 , Invenra Inc , OX40 biparatopic , Preclinical , Enhance tumor immunity , Biparatopic , Fab + Fab with Fc,1 + 2 , NA.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Antibody Therapeutics

Article Title: Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics

doi: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003

Figure Lengend Snippet: A network graph characterizing the target pairs of most bispecific programs in both preclinical and clinical investigations. Each node in the network is one target, and each edge connecting two nodes represents one bispecific program. The circular edges are biparatopic programs. The node size shows the degree of a particular target being paired with other different targets. The colors of the edges are marked in black if only one program is available for that particular pair, otherwise in red if more than one are being explored. The popularity of that bispecific program is reflected from the thickness of the red edges. Source data are from CortellisTM (Table 1-4). Tri-specific and albumin-relevant bispecific programs are not included. The albumin-relevant tri-specific are analyzed as bispecific projects.

Article Snippet: INV-531 , Invenra Inc , OX40 biparatopic , Preclinical , Enhance tumor immunity , Biparatopic , Fab + Fab with Fc,1 + 2 , NA.

Techniques:

Journal: Antibody Therapeutics

Article Title: Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics

doi: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Programs in clinical and preclinical stages to enhance tumor immunity for cancer treatment

Article Snippet: INV-531 , Invenra Inc , OX40 biparatopic , Preclinical , Enhance tumor immunity , Biparatopic , Fab + Fab with Fc,1 + 2 , NA.

Techniques:

Journal: Antibody Therapeutics

Article Title: Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics

doi: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Programs in clinical and preclinical stages to promote target cell depletion for cancer treatment

Article Snippet: INV-531 , Invenra Inc , OX40 biparatopic , Preclinical , Enhance tumor immunity , Biparatopic , Fab + Fab with Fc,1 + 2 , NA.

Techniques:

Journal: OncoTargets and therapy

Article Title: Emerging Targets of Immunotherapy in Gynecologic Cancer

doi: 10.2147/OTT.S282530

Figure Lengend Snippet: An Overview of Clinical Trials in Gynecologic Cancer and/or Solid Cancer for Immune Target Agents

Article Snippet: , INCAGN01949 , Anti-OX40 agonist mAb , Anti-PD-1 Anti-CTLA-4 , NCT03241173 , 1\2 , Advanced or Metastatic Malignancies , Completed , Incyte Biosciences International Sàrl.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates osteolytic lesions in syngeneic and xenograft breast cancer mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s41388-025-03622-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , B Mstn expression was analyzed in breast cancer bone metastasis from 27 patients. Sections were scored for Mstn expression score 1 = low, score 2 = moderate, score 3 = high. C Proportion of low, moderate and high myostatin-positive tissue samples is shown for luminal A-like (lumA-like), luminal B-like (lumB-like), and triple-negative and all subtypes. Luminal A-like, n = 9; luminal B-like, n = 11 and triple-negative, n = 7; All, n = 27; All data are mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01. D – G Human iliac crest biopsy sections of bone metastases from TNBC patients ( n = 7). D H&E-overview staining ( E ) TRAP+ osteoclasts and ( C ) Mstn expression (brown) ( G ) Negative control:IgG. B = bone, TC = tumor cells, arrowheads = osteoclasts.

Article Snippet: After a recovery period of four days, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 50 mg/kg of Mstn antibody RK35 (Pfizer) or vehicle control every second day for a period of two weeks.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Negative Control

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates osteolytic lesions in syngeneic and xenograft breast cancer mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s41388-025-03622-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Mstn expression in naïve (healthy control) and in tibiae 14 days after 4T1-luc2 tumor cell injection. E: epiphysis, GP: growth plate, TB: trabecular bone, BM: bone marrow. B Representative Western Blot of Mstn in 4T1, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Positive controls: pos. ctrl1: osteocyte cell line MLO-Y4, pos. ctrl2: mouse skeletal muscle tissue lysate. C OC differentiation in co-cultures of WT BMDMs and 4T1 tumor cells ( n = 6) and anti-myostatin antibody (5 µg/ml). D OC differentiation of WT BMDMs cultured with 10% conditioned medium of 4T1 tumor cells and anti-myostatin antibody ( n = 8). C , D TRAP staining was used to visualize mature OCs. E WT BMDMs were co-cultured with 4T1 tumor cells on calcium phosphate coated plates and stimulated with anti-Mstn antibody (5 µg/ml) ( n = 8). F WT BMDMs were cultured on calcium phosphate coated plates and treated with 10% conditioned medium of 4T1 tumor cells and 5 µg/ml anti-Mstn ( n = 8). C – F All cells were cultivated in the presence of 30 ng/ml M-CSF and 50 ng/ml RANKL. Control: differentiated WT BMDMs only. All data are mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01; scale bar 200 μm.

Article Snippet: After a recovery period of four days, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 50 mg/kg of Mstn antibody RK35 (Pfizer) or vehicle control every second day for a period of two weeks.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Injection, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Staining

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates osteolytic lesions in syngeneic and xenograft breast cancer mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s41388-025-03622-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Mstn expression in naïve (healthy control) and in tibiae 21 days after MDA-MB-231-luc tumor cell injection. E: epiphysis, GP: growth plate, TB: trabecular bone, BM: bone marrow. B RNA expression of different GDFs and their respective antagonists in human triple negative breast cancer cell lines. qPCR analysis of MSTN (Myostatin), INHBA (Activin A) INHBB (Activin B), GDF-11 (Growth and Differentiation Factor 11), FST (Follistatin) and FSTL3 (Follistatin-like 3). C OC differentiation in co-cultures of WT BMDMs and MDA-MB-231 cells ( n = 8) treated with anti-myostatin antibody (5 µg/ml). D OC differentiation of WT BMDMs cultured with 10% conditioned medium of MDA-MB-231 BC cells and anti-Mstn antibody ( n = 6). E WT BMDMs were co-cultured with MDA-MB-231 cells on calcium phosphate coated plates and stimulated with anti-Mstn antibody ( n = 8). F WT BMDMs were cultured on calcium phosphate coated plates and treated with 10% conditioned media of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells and anti-Mstn antibody ( n = 8). B – E All cells were cultivated in the presence of 30 ng/ml M-CSF, 50 ng/ml RANKL. Control: differentiated WT BMDMs only. All data are mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01; scale bar 200 μm.

Article Snippet: After a recovery period of four days, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 50 mg/kg of Mstn antibody RK35 (Pfizer) or vehicle control every second day for a period of two weeks.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Injection, RNA Expression, Cell Culture

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates osteolytic lesions in syngeneic and xenograft breast cancer mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s41388-025-03622-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative bioluminescence images of 4T1 luc2+ cells injected mice at the indicated time points from ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Quantitative evaluation of bioluminescence intensity in knee joints of 4T1 luc2 + -injected and vehicle ( n = 9) or anti-Mstn treated mice ( n = 7). B Representative H&E-staining of tibia from naïve Balb/c mice (healthy control) and mice injected with 4T1 luc2+ breast cancer cells (E = epiphysis, GP = growth plate, TC = tumor cell). C Effect of anti-Mstn treatment on body weight of 4T1 luc2 + -injected mice (vehicle: n = 7, anti-Mstn: n = 5). D Effect of anti-Mstn treatment on quadriceps femoris muscle weight of 4T1-injected mice (vehicle: n = 14, anti-Mstn: n = 10, left and right). Shown are individual data and mean values ± SEM, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons or Mann-Whitney test, two-tailed, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: After a recovery period of four days, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 50 mg/kg of Mstn antibody RK35 (Pfizer) or vehicle control every second day for a period of two weeks.

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates osteolytic lesions in syngeneic and xenograft breast cancer mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s41388-025-03622-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Effects of anti-Mstn antibody treatment on trabecular and cortical bone parameters. Shown are representative images of a defined area of μCT-reconstructed tibiae. The tibiae of naïve (healthy control) ( n = 8), anti-Mstn-treated ( n = 7) and vehicle mice ( n = 9) were analyzed for trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV, %), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th, mm), trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp., mm) as well as cortical bone fraction (Cort. BV/TV, %) and cortical thickness (Cort. Th, mm) using the BRUKER μCT CTAn software. Left and right tibiae were analyzed. B TRAP-positive OCs in tibiae sections of naïve (healthy control) ( n = 3), vehicle ( n = 4) and anti-Mstn-treated mice ( n = 4). Shown are individual values and mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001. Scale bar 200 μm.

Article Snippet: After a recovery period of four days, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 50 mg/kg of Mstn antibody RK35 (Pfizer) or vehicle control every second day for a period of two weeks.

Techniques: Control, Software

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates osteolytic lesions in syngeneic and xenograft breast cancer mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s41388-025-03622-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative bioluminescence images of MDA-MB-231-luc cells injected mice at the indicated time points from ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Quantitative evaluation of bioluminescence intensity in knee joints of MDA-MB-231-luc-injected and vehicle ( n = 5) or anti-Mstn treated mice ( n = 5). B Representative H&E-staining of tibiae from naïve Balb/c mice (healthy control) and mice injected with MDA-MB-231-luc breast cancer cells (E= epiphysis, GP= growth plate, TC= tumor cell). C Quantification of tumor cells in tibiae sections of MDA-MB-231-luc-injected mice in anti-Mstn or vehicle treated controls. n = 4 each group. D Effect of anti-Mstn treatment on body weight of MDA-MB-231-luc -injected mice (vehicle: n = 5, anti-Mstn n = 5). E Effect of anti-Mstn treatment on quadriceps femoris muscle weight of MDA-MB-231-luc-injected mice (vehicle: n = 10, anti-Mstn: n = 10, left and right). Shown are individual data and mean values ± SEM, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons or Mann-Whitney test, two-tailed, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: After a recovery period of four days, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 50 mg/kg of Mstn antibody RK35 (Pfizer) or vehicle control every second day for a period of two weeks.

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates osteolytic lesions in syngeneic and xenograft breast cancer mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s41388-025-03622-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Effects of anti-Mstn antibody treatment on trabecular and cortical bone parameters. Shown are representative images of a defined area of μCT-reconstructed tibiae. The tibiae of naïve (healthy control) ( n = 5), anti-Mstn-treated ( n = 5) and vehicle mice ( n = 5) were analyzed for trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV, %), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th, mm), trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp., mm) as well as cortical bone fraction (Cort. BV/TV, %) and cortical thickness (Cort. Th, mm) using the BRUKER μCT CTAn software. Left and right tibiae were analyzed. B TRAP-positive OCs in tibiae sections of control ( n = 4), vehicle ( n = 4) and anti-Mstn-treated mice ( n = 4). Shown are individual values and mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001. Scale bar 200 μm.

Article Snippet: After a recovery period of four days, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 50 mg/kg of Mstn antibody RK35 (Pfizer) or vehicle control every second day for a period of two weeks.

Techniques: Control, Software

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates osteolytic lesions in syngeneic and xenograft breast cancer mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s41388-025-03622-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: A p-Smad2 IF staining in in vitro differentiated WT OC cultured with 10% conditioned medium of 4T1 or MDA-MB-231 tumor cells and anti- Mstn antibody (5 µg/ml). green: p-SMAD2, red: phalloidin/cytoskeleton, blue: DAPI/nuclei. B Quantification of p-SMAD2 signal intensity in vitro differentiated WT OC using Fiji software. Data represent mean values from five different regions per sample ( n = 3 WT mice per group). C Representative Western Blot of p-SMAD2 in in vitro differentiated WT OC cultured with 10% conditioned medium of 4T1 or MDA-MB-231 tumor cells and anti-Mstn antibody. D Representative immunostaining of p-SMAD2 in femora sections from naïve mice, 4T1 and MDA tumor-bearing mice treated with or without anti-Mstn. n = 3; red: p-SMAD2; green: nuclei; arrow head: p-SMAD2 positive osteocytes and osteoclasts; asterix: trabecular bone; hash: growth plate; negative control: IgG. All data are mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01.

Article Snippet: After a recovery period of four days, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 50 mg/kg of Mstn antibody RK35 (Pfizer) or vehicle control every second day for a period of two weeks.

Techniques: Staining, In Vitro, Cell Culture, Software, Western Blot, Immunostaining, Negative Control